COPD诊疗指南：如何识别急性加重期与稳定期差异？2024最新标准

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable chronic respiratory disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation and corresponding respiratory symptoms, often associated with exposure to harmful particles or gases [29]. Due to the impact of air pollution and smoking, the prevalence of COPD has been increasing year by year. According to the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, COPD ranks third among causes of death [30]. The prevalence of COPD varies significantly across different regions, age groups, and genders, with a higher prevalence in males compared to females; the prevalence in individuals aged ≥40 years is higher than in those aged 20-39 years [6]. In recent years, risk factors other than smoking have also been increasingly recognized as closely related to the development and progression of COPD, including air pollution, occupational exposure, poor asthma control, environmental secondhand smoke, infectious diseases, and low socioeconomic status. Clinically, COPD is divided into two phases: acute exacerbation and stable phase. During the stable phase, patients' clinical symptoms and signs are relatively stable, generally returning to the level before the acute exacerbation.