CAG_352 is an unclassified genus, and current research on its functions is relatively limited. However, it was significantly enriched after intervention, suggesting that it may be a potential target genus for the action of Bu Xu Ping Chuan膏 (BXPCH). This warrants further in-depth investigation. Existing studies have indicated that CAG_352 has the potential to serve as a marker of health status, possibly belonging to the microbial community that maintains gut health and may be a potentially beneficial genus. Animal models have directly verified that an increase in CAG-352 abundance is associated with enhanced antioxidant capacity and improved stability of the microbial community. In this study, BXPCH specifically increased the abundance of Monoglobus and CAG_352, suggesting that these two genera may be core targets for the action of BXPCH. The increase in their abundance can improve the gut microbiota balance and systemic inflammation in COPD patients through pathways such as the production of SCFAs and modulation of immune function. They work synergistically to improve the gut microbiota state.