肠道菌群如何影响全身疾病？2024菌群-肺轴机制最新研究解读

The gut microbiota is influenced by various factors, including antibiotics, probiotics, cigarette smoke, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and it regulates respiratory immune responses and inflammation through the blood and lymphatic systems [35]. Therefore, under conditions such as medication use, unhygienic diet, environmental changes, and decreased host resistance, the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota can be disrupted, leading to imbalances in inflammation and immune mechanisms, and potentially causing various diseases [36]. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with multiple diseases, not only as a direct cause of a series of gastrointestinal disorders but also as a potential cause of various non-gastrointestinal diseases (such as COPD, asthma, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes) [37, 38].