1.3.4 Static Contact Angle
To evaluate the surface wettability of the hydrogel, this experiment used an automated contact angle measurement instrument to measure the static contact angle of the hydrogel. The sessile drop method was employed for this test. First, a micro-syringe was installed on the main unit of the instrument and filled with ultrapure water, ensuring that the syringe and needle were free of air bubbles by repeated aspiration and ejection. The formal testing procedure was as follows: start the instrument and software, set the test droplet volume to 3 µL; place the prepared hydrogel sample flat on the sample stage, and allow the software to automatically determine the baseline position; subsequently, control the syringe to gently deposit the droplet onto the gel surface, and immediately click the droplet contour detection icon in the software to automatically capture the profile; finally, use the software's automatic analysis function to obtain the contact angle value. Each sample group was tested in triplicate, and the average value was taken.