For testosterone, the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) analysis showed a significant negative association with myasthenia gravis risk (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.96, P = 0.043), indicating that each standard deviation increase in testosterone is associated with a reduction of approximately 70% in the risk of myasthenia gravis. The effect directions from MR-Egger regression and weighted median methods were consistent with IVW.