2. Experimental Animals and Grouping: Thirty-six 8-week-old male db/db mice (diabetic model) and twelve age-matched db/m mice (normal control) were purchased and housed in the SPF-level animal facility at Wuhan Sports University. After one week of adaptive feeding, random blood glucose levels were measured to ensure that the random blood glucose levels of the db/db mice were all ≥16.6 mmol/L, meeting the criteria for the diabetic model. Subsequently, the db/db mice were randomly divided into three groups: DC group (diabetic control), MICT group (moderate-intensity continuous training), and HIIT group (high-intensity interval training), with 12 mice in each group. The twelve db/m mice served as the NC group (normal control).