T2DM运动干预机制解析：生物信息学揭示MSTN等10个关键基因作用

Bioinformatics Analysis of the Improvement of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in T2DM Patients by Exercise From the dataset GSE205891, 81 differentially expressed genes (34 upregulated and 47 downregulated) were identified, and from the dataset GSE230002, 100 differentially expressed genes (41 upregulated and 59 downregulated) were identified. Among these, 26 genes were significantly differentially expressed in both datasets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the intersecting genes, and a PPI protein interaction network was constructed to identify the top 10 key genes: MYH1, MYH4, MYH8, MSTN, ACTN3, MYH13, LEP, FOS, SCD, and CALML6. Notably, MSTN is a common myokine that has received significant attention in exercise interventions for T2DM and is an important indicator for subsequent research.

Effects of MICT and HIIT on Health Status and Myofiber Morphology in db/db Mice (1) MICT and HIIT Reduce Body Weight in db/db Mice: Compared to the NC group, the body weight of mice in the DC group significantly increased from week 0 to week 10 (P < 0.001). Compared to the DC group, the body weight of mice in both the MICT and HIIT groups began to significantly decrease from week 4 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in body weight between the MICT and HIIT groups. (2) MICT and HIIT Lower Random Blood Glucose Levels in db/db Mice: Compared to the NC group, the random blood glucose levels of mice in the DC group significantly increased from week 0 to week 10 (P < 0.001). Compared to the DC group, the blood glucose levels of mice in both the MICT and HIIT groups began to significantly decrease from week 6 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in blood glucose levels between the HIIT and MICT groups during the 10-week intervention period. (3) MICT and HIIT Improve Myofiber Structure in db/db Mice: HE staining images revealed that the myofibers in the NC group were dense and orderly; compared to the NC group, the myofibers in the DC group were sparse and disordered. After 10 weeks of exercise intervention, the density of myofibers improved in both the HIIT and MICT groups. Statistical analysis of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of myofibers showed that the CSA of mice in the DC group significantly decreased compared to the NC group (P < 0.001). Compared to the DC group, the CSA of mice in both the MICT and HIIT groups significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared to the MICT group, the CSA of mice in the HIIT group significantly increased (P < 0.05).