肠道菌群如何影响健康？2024第二基因组功能全解析

The human gut microbiota, also known as the gut microbiome, is a complex ecological community. There are approximately 40 trillion microorganisms in the human gut, with about 1,000 different bacterial species identified, of which about 30 to 40 species are commonly found. The genetic material of the host's gut microbiome is more than 150 times that of the host itself and is referred to as the "second genome" [31]. The predominant phyla include Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, along with lower concentrations of Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. At the genus level, important members include Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus [32,33]. In addition to directly aiding in food digestion, the human gut microbiome and its metabolites also participate in immune regulation and metabolism, exerting systemic effects [34]. Under physiological conditions, the types and quantities of gut microbiota remain relatively stable, playing a crucial role in normal human physiological activities.