Although this study confirmed the critical role of MCT4 in mediating histone lactylation and regulating PD-L1 glycosylation stability, several questions remain to be further investigated: In addition to H3K18la, whether the lactylation of other histone lysine sites (such as H4K12la) will synergistically regulate PD-L1 expression, and whether the lactylation of these sites will indirectly regulate PD-L1 transcription through other transcription factors. Furthermore, future studies need to employ glycomics analysis and glycosyltransferase activity assays to elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms by which lactylation affects PD-L1 glycosylation.