如何通过中医药靶向NLRP3治疗阿尔茨海默病？2024最新机制研究解读

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder causing dementia in the elderly, with the number of patients increasing rapidly due to the aging population. Currently, there are no effective curative treatments available. Neuroinflammation is a core pathological feature of AD, and the NLRP3 inflammasome, as a key regulatory target of neuroinflammation, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD. Its overactivation has become an important breakthrough for the prevention and treatment of AD. However, existing chemically synthesized NLRP3 inhibitors have notable toxic side effects, limiting their clinical application. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), on the other hand, offers unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of AD, including multiple targets, pathways, and high safety. This article systematically elucidates the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. It provides a comprehensive review of the latest research advances in treating AD using TCM monomers, extracts from medicinal plants, and TCM compound formulas targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. The active components, pharmacological effects, and molecular regulatory mechanisms of various TCMs are summarized. The article also analyzes the existing problems and shortcomings in current research and outlines future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical references for the development of new drugs and clinical applications of TCM in the prevention and treatment of AD.