Using "CKD" as the keyword to search in GEO datasets, the main parameters were "series," "Homo sapiens," and "tissue." From these, three datasets with larger sample sizes were selected: GSE137570 (n=41), GSE66494 (n=61), and GSE180394 (n=59). Additionally, using "DKD" as the keyword, the dataset GSE60861 (n=72) was identified, which includes prognostic information.